What movement sought to end racial discrimination and gain equal rights for African Americans?

The Civil Rights Movement is the correct answer because it was specifically focused on the struggle to end racial discrimination against African Americans and to secure equal rights for them. This movement gained significant momentum in the mid-20th century, particularly during the 1950s and 1960s, and is characterized by actions and campaigns aimed at dismantling segregation and ensuring voting rights, among other social justice issues. Key figures such as Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X played pivotal roles in advocating for the rights of African Americans during this period, using both peaceful protests and more militant approaches to challenge systemic racism.

In contrast, the Suffrage Movement primarily sought to secure voting rights for women, the Labor Movement focused on workers' rights and labor conditions, and the Abolitionist Movement aimed to end slavery prior to the Civil Rights Movement. Each of these movements addressed important social issues, but none specifically targeted racial discrimination against African Americans in the same way the Civil Rights Movement did.