Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived?

Native Americans were the original inhabitants of America before the arrival of Europeans. They established diverse cultures, languages, and societies across the continent long before European exploration and colonization began in the late 15th century. These Indigenous peoples had rich histories and complex social structures, adapting to the varied environments of North America.

While Africans, Vikings, and Chinese traders also have historical significance in relation to America, their presence is not as direct or foundational as that of Native Americans. Africans were brought to America largely through the transatlantic slave trade, which began in the 16th century. Vikings, notably led by Leif Erikson, are believed to have reached parts of North America around the year 1000, but their settlements did not lead to permanent presence or widespread impact. Chinese traders did engage in trade long before European contact but did not establish settlements in America until much later. Thus, it is Native Americans who are recognized as the original inhabitants of the land.