Who wrote the national anthem of the United States?

The national anthem of the United States, "The Star-Spangled Banner," was written by Francis Scott Key. Key composed the lyrics in 1814 after witnessing the British bombardment of Fort McHenry during the War of 1812. His emotional response to the events inspired him to pen a poem originally titled "Defence of Fort M'Henry," which would later be set to music and become the national anthem.

Key's vivid imagery and patriotic sentiment in the song capture the resilience and bravery of the American spirit during a crucial moment in history. The anthem reflects themes of perseverance and national pride, which resonate strongly with America's identity. Its adoption as the national anthem in 1931 solidified its importance in American culture.

As for the other individuals mentioned: John Philip Sousa was renowned for his military and patriotic marches but did not write the anthem. Woody Guthrie is celebrated for his folk music and social activism, while Irving Berlin was a prolific composer known for many American songs but not for the national anthem.